Stainless Steel Grades and Designations

2009-09-11T02:14:00.000-07:00

EN-standard Steel no. k.h.s DIN	EN-standard Steel name	SAE grade	UNS
		440A	S44002
1.4112		440B	S44003
1.4125		440C	S44004
		440F	S44020
1.4016	X6Cr17	430	S43000
1.4512	X6CrTi12	409	S40900
		410	S41000
1.4310	X10CrNi18-8	301	S30100
1.4318	X2CrNiN18-7	301LN	N/A
1.4307	X2CrNi18-9	304L	S30403
1.4306	X2CrNi19-11	304L	S30403
1.4311	X2CrNiN18-10	304LN	S30453
1.4301	X5CrNi18-10	304	S30400
1.4948	X6CrNi18-11	304H	S30409
1.4303	X5CrNi18-12	305	S30500
	X5CrNi30-9	312
1.4541	X6CrNiTi18-10	321	S32100
1.4878	X12CrNiTi18-9	321H	S32109
1.4404	X2CrNiMo17-12-2	316L	S31603
1.4401	X5CrNiMo17-12-2	316	S31600
1.4406	X2CrNiMoN17-12-2	316LN	S31653
1.4432	X2CrNiMo17-12-3	316L	S31603
1.4435	X2CrNiMo18-14-3	316L	S31603
1.4436	X3CrNiMo17-13-3	316	S31600
1.4571	X6CrNiMoTi17-12-2	316Ti	S31635
1.4429	X2CrNiMoN17-13-3	316LN	S31653
1.4438	X2CrNiMo18-15-4	317L	S31703
1.4539	X1NiCrMoCu25-20-5	904L	N08904
1.4547	X1CrNiMoCuN20-18-7	N/A	S31254

The SAE steel grades are the most commonly used grading system in the US for stainless steel. Other steel grades include the UNS grades.
100 Series—austenitic chromium-nickel-manganese alloys
Type 101—austenitic that is hardenable through cold working for furniture
Type 102—austenitic general purpose stainless steel working for furniture
200 Series—austenitic chromium-nickel-manganese alloys
Type 201—austenitic that is hardenable through cold working
Type 202—austenitic general purpose stainless steel
300 Series—austenitic chromium-nickel alloys
Type 301—highly ductile, for formed products. Also hardens rapidly during mechanical working. Good weldability. Better wear resistance and fatigue strength than 304.
Type 302—same corrosion resistance as 304, with slightly higher strength due to additional carbon.
Type 303—free machining version of 304 via addition of sulfur and phosphorus. Also referred to as "A1" in accordance with ISO 3506.[13]
Type 304—the most common grade; the classic 18/8 stainless steel. Also referred to as "A2" in accordance with ISO 3506.[13]
Type 304L— same as the 304 grade but contains less carbon to increase weldability. Is slightly weaker than 304.
Type 304LN—same as 304L, but also nitrogen is added to obtain a much higher yield and tensile strength than 304L.
Type 308—used as the filler metal when welding 304
Type 309—better temperature resistance than 304, also sometimes used as filler metal when welding dissimilar steels, along with inconel.
Type 316—the second most common grade (after 304); for food and surgical stainless steel uses; alloy addition of molybdenum prevents specific forms of corrosion. It is also known as marine grade stainless steel due to its increased resistance to chloride corrosion compared to type 304. 316 is often used for building nuclear reprocessing plants.[13]
Type 316L—extra low carbon grade of 316, generally used in stainless steel watches and marine applications due to its high resistance to corrosion. Also referred to as "A4" in accordance with ISO 3506.
Type 316Ti—includes titanium for heat resistance, therefore it is used in flexible chimney liners.
Type 321—similar to 304 but lower risk of weld decay due to addition of titanium. See also 347 with addition of niobium for desensitization during welding.
400 Series—ferritic and martensitic chromium alloys
Type 405— ferritic for welding applications
Type 408—heat-resistant; poor corrosion resistance; 11% chromium, 8% nickel.
Type 409—cheapest type; used for automobile exhausts; ferritic (iron/chromium only).
Type 410—martensitic (high-strength iron/chromium). Wear-resistant, but less corrosion-resistant.
Type 416—easy to machine due to additional sulfur
Type 420—Cutlery Grade martensitic; similar to the Brearley's original rustless steel. Excellent polishability.
Type 430—decorative, e.g., for automotive trim; ferritic. Good formability, but with reduced temperature and corrosion resistance.
Type 439—ferritic grade, a higher grade version of 409 used for catalytic converter exhaust sections. Increased chromium for improved high temperature corrosion/oxidation resistance.
Type 440—a higher grade of cutlery steel, with more carbon, allowing for much better edge retention when properly heat-treated. It can be hardened to above Rockwell 55 hardness,[citation needed] making it one of the hardest stainless steels. Due to its hardness and relatively low cost, most display-only and replica swords or knives are made of 440 stainless. Available in four grades: 440A, 440B, 440C, and the uncommon 440F (free machinable). 440A, having the least amount of carbon in it, is the most stain-resistant; 440C, having the most, is the strongest and is usually considered more desirable in knifemaking than 440A, except for diving or other salt-water applications.
Type 446—For elevated temperature service
500 Series—heat-resisting chromium alloys
600 Series—martensitic precipitation hardening alloys
601 through 604: Martensitic low-alloy steels.
610 through 613: Martensitic secondary hardening steels.
614 through 619: Martensitic chromium steels.
630 through 635: Semiaustenitic and martensitic precipitation-hardening stainless steels.
Type 630 is most common PH stainless, better known as 17-4; 17% chromium, 4% nickel.
650 through 653: Austenitic steels strengthened by hot/cold work.
660 through 665: Austenitic superalloys; all grades except alloy 661 are strengthened by second-phase precipitation.
Type 2205— the most widely used duplex (ferritic/austenitic) stainless steel grade. It has both excellent corrosion resistance and high strength.

SAE designation	UNS designation	% Cr	% Ni	% C	% Mn	% Si	% P	% S	% N	Other
Austenitic
201	S20100	16–18	3.5–5.5	0.15	5.5–7.5	0.75	0.06	0.03	0.25	-
202	S20200	17–19	4–6	0.15	7.5–10.0	0.75	0.06	0.03	0.25	-
205	S20500	16.5–18	1–1.75	0.12–0.25	14–15.5	0.75	0.06	0.03	0.32–0.40	-
301	S30100	16–18	6–8	0.15	2	0.75	0.045	0.03	-	-
302	S30200	17–19	8–10	0.15	2	0.75	0.045	0.03	0.1	-
302B	S30215	17–19	8–10	0.15	2	2.0–3.0	0.045	0.03	-	-
303	S30300	17–19	8–10	0.15	2	1	0.2	0.15 min	-	Mo 0.60 (optional)
303Se	S30323	17–19	8–10	0.15	2	1	0.2	0.06	-	0.15 Se min
304	S30400	18–20	8–10.50	0.08	2	0.75	0.045	0.03	0.1	-
304L	S30403	18–20	8–12	0.03	2	0.75	0.045	0.03	0.1	-
304Cu	S30430	17–19	8–10	0.08	2	0.75	0.045	0.03	-	3–4 Cu
304N	S30451	18–20	8–10.50	0.08	2	0.75	0.045	0.03	0.10–0.16	-
305	S30500	17–19	10.50–13	0.12	2	0.75	0.045	0.03	-	-
308	S30800	19–21	10–12	0.08	2	1	0.045	0.03	-	-
309	S30900	22–24	12–15	0.2	2	1	0.045	0.03	-	-
309S	S30908	22–24	12–15	0.08	2	1	0.045	0.03	-	-
310	S31000	24–26	19–22	0.25	2	1.5	0.045	0.03	-	-
310S	S31008	24–26	19–22	0.08	2	1.5	0.045	0.03	-	-
314	S31400	23–26	19–22	0.25	2	1.5–3.0	0.045	0.03	-	-
316	S31600	16–18	10–14	0.08	2	0.75	0.045	0.03	0.10	2.0–3.0 Mo
316L	S31603	16–18	10–14	0.03	2	0.75	0.045	0.03	0.10	2.0–3.0 Mo
316F	S31620	16–18	10–14	0.08	2	1	0.2	0.10 min	-	1.75–2.50 Mo
316N	S31651	16–18	10–14	0.08	2	0.75	0.045	0.03	0.10–0.16	2.0–3.0 Mo
317	S31700	18–20	11–15	0.08	2	0.75	0.045	0.03	0.10 max	3.0–4.0 Mo
317L	S31703	18–20	11–15	0.03	2	0.75	0.045	0.03	0.10 max	3.0–4.0 Mo
321	S32100	17–19	9–12	0.08	2	0.75	0.045	0.03	0.10 max	Ti 5(C+N) min, 0.70 max
329	S32900	23–28	2.5–5	0.08	2	0.75	0.04	0.03	-	1–2 Mo
330	N08330	17–20	34–37	0.08	2	0.75–1.50	0.04	0.03	-	-
347	S34700	17–19	9–13	0.08	2	0.75	0.045	0.030	-	Nb + Ta, 10 x C min, 1 max
348	S34800	17–19	9–13	0.08	2	0.75	0.045	0.030	-	Nb + Ta, 10 x C min, 1 max, but 0.10 Ta max; 0.20 Ca
384	S38400	15–17	17–19	0.08	2	1	0.045	0.03	-	-
904L		19-23	23-28	0.02	2	1	0.045	0.035	-	Mo 4-5, Cu 1-2
Ferritic
405	S40500	11.5–14.5	-	0.08	1	1	0.04	0.03	-	0.1–0.3 Al, 0.60 max
409	S40900	10.5–11.75	0.05	0.08	1	1	0.045	0.03	-	Ti 6 x C, but 0.75 max
429	S42900	14–16	0.75	0.12	1	1	0.04	0.03	-	-
430	S43000	16–18	0.75	0.12	1	1	0.04	0.03	-	-
430F	S43020	16–18	-	0.12	1.25	1	0.06	0.15 min	-	0.60 Mo (optional)
430FSe	S43023	16–18	-	0.12	1.25	1	0.06	0.06	-	0.15 Se min
434	S43400	16–18	-	0.12	1	1	0.04	0.03	-	0.75–1.25 Mo
436	S43600	16–18	-	0.12	1	1	0.04	0.03	-	0.75–1.25 Mo; Nb+Ta 5 x C min, 0.70 max
442	S44200	18–23	-	0.2	1	1	0.04	0.03	-	-
446	S44600	23–27	0.25	0.2	1.5	1	0.04	0.03	-	-
Martensitic
403	S40300	11.5–13.0	0.60	0.15	1	0.5	0.04	0.03	-	-
410	S41000	11.5–13.5	0.75	0.15	1	1	0.04	0.03	-	-
414	S41400	11.5–13.5	1.25–2.50	0.15	1	1	0.04	0.03	-	-
416	S41600	12–14	-	0.15	1.25	1	0.06	0.15 min	-	0.060 Mo (optional)
416Se	S41623	12–14	-	0.15	1.25	1	0.06	0.06	-	0.15 Se min
420	S42000	12–14	-	0.15 min	1	1	0.04	0.03	-	-
420F	S42020	12–14	-	0.15 min	1.25	1	0.06	0.15 min	-	0.60 Mo max (optional)
422	S42200	11.0–12.5	0.50–1.0	0.20–0.25	0.5–1.0	0.5	0.025	0.025	-	0.90–1.25 Mo; 0.20–0.30 V; 0.90–1.25 W
431	S41623	15–17	1.25–2.50	0.2	1	1	0.04	0.03	-	-
440A	S44002	16–18	-	0.60–0.75	1	1	0.04	0.03	-	0.75 Mo
440B	S44003	16–18	-	0.75–0.95	1	1	0.04	0.03	-	0.75 Mo
440C	S44004	16–18	-	0.95–1.20	1	1	0.04	0.03	-	0.75 Mo
Heat resisting
501	S50100	4–6	-	0.10 min	1	1	0.04	0.03	-	0.40–0.65 Mo
502	S50200	4–6	-	0.1	1	1	0.04	0.03	-	0.40–0.65 Mo
Martensitic precipitation hardening
630	S17400	15-17	3-5	0.07	1	1	0.04	0.03	-	Cu 3-5, Ta 0.15-0.45

Stainless Steel Finishes

No. 0: Hot rolled, annealed, thicker plates
No. 1: Hot rolled, annealed and passivated
No. 2D: Cold rolled, annealed, pickled and passivated
No. 2B: Same as above with additional pass-through highly polished rollers
No. 2BA: Bright annealed (BA or 2R) same as above then bright annealed under oxygen-free atmospheric conditions
No. 3: Coarse abrasive finish applied mechanically
No. 4: Brushed finish
No. 5: Satin finish
No. 6: Matte finish
No. 7: Reflective finish
No. 8: Mirror finish
No. 9: Bead blast finish
No. 10: heat colored finish-wide range of electropolished & heat colored surfaces

Steel Alloy Designation

2009-09-11T02:07:00.000-07:00

Steel Alloy Designation System
AISI-SAE Designation Number	Type and Description
Carbon steels
10xx	Plain Carbon (Mn. 1.00% max.)
11xx	Resulfurized
12xx	Resulfurized and rephosphorized
15xx	Plain Carbon (max. Mn. range 1.00-1.65%)
Manganese steels
13xx	Mn 1.75
Nickel steels
23xx	Ni 3.50
25xx	Ni 5.00
Nickel-chromium steels
31xx	Ni 1.25; Cr 0.65, 0.80
32xx	Ni 1.75; Cr 1.07
33xx	Ni 3.50; Cr 1.50, 1.57
34xx	Ni 3.00; Cr 0.77
Molybdenum steels
40xx	Mo 0.20, 0.25
44xx	Mo 0.40, 0.52
Chromium-molybdenum steels
41xx	Cr 0.50, 0.80, 0.95; Mo 0.12, 0.20, 0.25, 0.30
Nickel-chromium-molybdenum steels
43xx	Ni 1.82; Cr 0.50, 0.80; Mo 0.25
43BVxx	Ni 1.82; Cr 0.50; Mo 0.12, 0.25; V 0.03 min.
47xx	Ni 1.05; Cr 0.45; Mo 0.20, 0.35
81xx	Ni 0.30; Cr 0.40; Mo 0.12
86xx	Ni 0.55; Cr 0.50; Mo 0.20
87xx	Ni 0.55; Cr 0.50; Mo 0.25
88xx	Ni 0.55; Cr 0.50; Mo 0.35
93xx	Ni 3.25; Cr 1.20; Mo 0.12
94xx	Ni 0.45; Cr 0.40; Mo 0.12
97xx	Ni 1.00; Cr 0.20; Mo 0.20
98xx	Ni 1.00; Cr 0.80; Mo 0.25
Nickel-molybdenum steels
46xx	Ni 0.85, 1.82; Mo 0.20, 0.25
48xx	Ni 3.50; Mo 0.25
Chromium steels
50xx	Cr 0.27, 0.40, 0.50, 0.65
51xx	Cr 0.80, 0.87, 0.92, 0.95, 1.00, 1.05
50xxx	Cr 0.50; C 1.00 min.
51xxx	Cr 1.02; C 1.00 min.
52xxx	Cr 1.45; C 1.00 min.
Chromium-vanadium steels
61xx	Cr 0.60, 0.80, 0.95; V 0.10, 0.15
Tungsten-chromium steels
72xx	W 1.75; Cr 0.75
Silicon-manganese steels
92xx	Si 1.40, 2.00; Mn 0.65, 0.82, 0.85; Cr 0.00, 0.65
High-strength low-alloy steels
9xx	Various SAE grades
Boron steels
xxBxx	B denotes boron steels
Leaded steels
xxLxx	L denotes leaded steels

Electronic Color Codes

2009-09-11T01:57:00.000-07:00

Colour	Significant figures	Multiplier	Tolerance		Temp. Coefficient (ppm/K)
Black	–	×10⁰	–		250	U
Brown	1	×10¹	±1%	F	100	S
Red	2	×10²	±2%	G	50	R
Orange	3	×10³	–		15	P
Yellow	4	×10⁴	–		25	Q
Green	5	×10⁵	±0.5%	D	20	Z
Blue	6	×10⁶	±0.25%	C	10	Z
Violet	7	×10⁷	±0.1%	B	5	M
Gray	8	×10⁸	±0.05%	A	1	K
White	9	×10⁹	–		–
Gold	–	×10^-1	±5%	J	–
Silver	–	×10^-2	±10%	K	–
None	–	–	±20%	M	–

ENGINEER'S VAULT

Stainless Steel Grades and Designations

Steel Alloy Designation

Electronic Color Codes