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Emissivity Values


Material
Wavelength
Emit.
Aluminum: anodized
0.770
Aluminum: anodized sheet, chromic acid process
0.55
Aluminum: disk, roughened
3m
0.275
Aluminum: disk, roughened
10m
0.180
Aluminum: foil
3m
0.09
Aluminum: foil
10m
0.04
Aluminum: foil, dull side, crinkled and smoothed
0.030
Aluminum: foil, shiny side
0.036
Aluminum: heavily weathered
2-5.6m
.83-.94
Aluminum: highly polished plate, 98.3% pure
0.039
Aluminum: highly polished plate, 98.3% pure
0.057
Aluminum: oxide, flame sprayed .001" thick
0.765
Aluminum: oxidized at 600°C
0.11
Aluminum: oxidized at 600°C
0.19
Aluminum: polished
8-14m
0.05
Aluminum: polished plate
0.04
Aluminum: polished sheet
0.05
Aluminum: polished and degreased
0.027
Aluminum: rough plate
0.055
Aluminum: rough surface
8-14m
0.07
Aluminum: sandblasted
0.210
Aluminum: sheet as received
0.09
Aluminum: strongly oxidized
8-14m
0.25
Aluminum: vacuum deposited
0.04
Brass: highly polished
0.03
Brass: dull, tarnished
8-14m
0.22
Brass: rubbed with 80-grit emery
0.20
Brass: oxidized
0.61
Brass: polished
8-14m
0.10
Bronze: polished
0.10
Bronze: porous, rough
8-14m
0.55
Chromium: polished
8-14m
0.10
Copper: commercial., burnished
8-14m
0.07
Copper: elecrolytic, polished
8-14m
0.02
Copper: polished
0.05
Copper: polished
3m
0.031
Copper: polished
10m
0.016
Copper: polished, annealed
10m
0.008
Copper: oxidized
8-14m
0.65
Copper: oxidized, heavily
0.78
Copper: oxidized to black
8-14m
0.88
Gold: polished
8-14m
0.02
Gold: highly polished
0.02
Gold: plated on stainless steel and polished
0.028
Iron, cast, casing
8-14m
0.81
Iron: cast, polished
8-14m
0.21
Iron: cast, oxidized
0.64
Iron: hot rolled
8-14m
0.77
Iron: oxidized
8-14m
0.74
Iron: sheet, galvanized, burnished
8-14m
0.23
Iron: sheet, galvanized, oxidized
8-14m
0.28
Iron: sheet, heavily rusted
0.69
Iron: shiny, etched
8-14m
0.16
Iron: wrought, polished
8-14m
0.28
Lead: gray
8-14m
0.28
Lead: oxidized
8-14m
0.63
Lead: red, powder
8-14m
0.93
Lead: shiny
8-14m
0.08
Magnesium: polished
0.07
Mercury: pure
8-14m
0.10
Nickel: electroplated, polished
0.05
Nickel: electroplated, no polish
0.11
Nickel: on cast-iron
8-14m
0.05
Nickel: oxidized
0.37
Nickel: pure, polished
8-14m
0.05
Platinum: pure, polished
8-14m
0.08
Silver: polished
0.03
Stainless steel: type 18-8,buffed
0.16
Stainless steel: type 18-8, oxidized at 800°C
0.85
Stainless steel: type 18-8, sandblasted
0.440
Steel: galvanized
8-14m
0.28
Steel: polished
0.07
Steel: oxidized
0.79
Steel: oxidized strongly
8-14m
0.88
Steel: rolled freshly
8-14m
0.24
Steel: rough surface
8-14m
0.96
Steel: rusty, red
8-14m
0.69
Steel: sheet, nickel plated
8-14m
0.11
Steel: sheet, rolled
8-14m
0.56
Tin: burnished
8-14m
0.05
Tim: commercial tin-plated sheet iron
0.07
Tungsten
8-14m
0.05


Material
Wavelength
Emit.
Asbestos: board
0.96
Asbestos: fabric
0.78
Asbestos: paper
0.93
Asbestos: slate
0.96
Brick: alumina
2-5.6m
0.68
Brick: common
2-5.6m
.81-.86
Brick: common, red
0.93
Brick: facing, red
2-5.9m
0.92
Brick: facing, yellow
2-5.6m
0.72
Brick: fireclay
0.85
Brick: fireclay
0.75
Brick: fireclay
0.59
Brick: masonry
5m
0.94
Brick: red
0.90
Brick: waterproof
2-5.6m
0.87
Carbon: candle soot
0.95
Carbon: graphite, filed surface
0.98
Carbon: purified
8-14m
0.80
Cement:
8-14m
0.54
Charcoal: powder
8-14m
0.96
Chipboard: untreated
2-5.6m
0.90
Clay: fired
8-14m
0.91
Concrete
0.92
Concrete: dry
5m
0.95
Concrete: rough
2-5.6m
.92-.97
Enamel: laquer
8-14m
0.90
Fabric: Hessian, green
0.88
Fabric: Hessian, uncolored
2-5.6m
0.87
Fiberglass
0.750
Fiber board: porous, untreated
2-5.6m
0.85
Fiber board: hard, untreated
2-5.6m
0.85
Filler: white
2-5.6m
0.88
Firebrick
2-5.6m
0.68
Formica
6.5-20m
0.937
Glass
8-14m
0.92
Glass: chemical ware (partly transparent)
6.5-20m
0.97
Glass: frosted
8-14m
0.96
Glass: frosted
0.70
Glass: frosted
0.67
Glass: polished plate
0.94
Granite: natural surface
5m
0.96
Graphite: powder
8-14m
0.97
Gravel
6.5-20m
0.28
Gypsum
8-14m
.085
Hardwood: across grain
2-5.6m
0.82
Hardwood: along grain
2-5.6m
.68-.73
Ice
8-14m
0.97
Iron: heavily rusted
2-5.6m
.91-.96
Lacquer: bakelite
8-14m
0.93
Lacquer: dull black
8-14m
0.97
Lacquer: white
8-14m
0.87q
Lacquer: white
0.92
Lacquer: matte black
0.97
Lacquer: shiny, black, on metal
0.87
Lampblack
8-14m
0.96
Limestone: natural surface
5m
0.96
Mortar
2-5.6m
0.87
Mortar: dry
5m
0.94
Oil, lubricating (thin film on nickel base)
Nickel base alone
0.05
Film thickness = 0.001
0.27
Film thickness = 0.002
0.46
Film thickness = 0.005
0.72
Thick coating
0.82
P.V.C.
2-5.6m
.91-.93
Paint: 3M, black velvet coating 9560 series optical black
3m
@1.00
Paint: 3M, black velvet coating 9560 series optical black
10m
@1.00
Paint: Acme, quality spray enamel, #801 brilliant black
3m
.0959
Paint: Acme, quality spray enamel, #801 brilliant black
10m
0.945
Paint: Aquadag, 4 coats on copper aluminum
0.490
Paint: aluminum
0.450
Paint: Broma, alkyd enamel #113 light blue
3m
0.95
Paint: Broma, alkyd enamel #113 light blue
10m
0.960
Paint: Broma, alkyd enamel #102, gold leaf
3m
0.98
Paint: Broma, alkyd enamel #102, gold leaf
10m
0.98
Paint: cadmium yellow
0.33
Paint: chrome green
0.70
Paint: Chromatone stabilized silver finish (Alumatone)
3m
0.26
Paint: Chromatone stabilized silver finish (Alumatone)
10m
0.305
Paint: cobalt blue
Paint: Dupont Duco #71 wrought iron black
3m
0.982
Paint: Dupont Duco #71 wrought iron black
10m
0.897
Paint: Dutch Boy, 46H47, National lead high heat black
10m
0.90
Paint: Krylon, flat black
3m
0.95
Paint: Krylon, flat black
10m
0.956
Paint: Krylon, flat white #1502
3m
0.992
Paint: Kylon, flat white #1502
10m
0.989
Paint: Krylon, ultra flat black
5m
0.97
Paint: Microbond, 4 coats on magnesium
0.844
Paint, oil: average of 16 colors
0.94
Paint: oil, black, flat
2-5.6m
0.94
Paint: oil, black, gloss
2-5.6m
0.92
Paint: oil, gray, flat
2-5.6m
0.97
Paint: oil, gray, gloss
2-5.6m
0.94
Paint: oil, various colors
8-14m
0.94
Paint: plastic, black
2-5.6m
0.95
Paint: plastic, white
2-5.6m
0.84
Paint: TiO2, gray
0.870
Paint: TiO2, white
0.940
Paper: black
0.90
Paper: black, dull
0.94
Paper: black, shiny
8-14m
0.90
Paper: cardboard box
5m
0.81
Paper: green
0.85
Paper: red
0.76
Paper: white
2-5.6m
0.68
Paper: white
8-14m
0.90
Paper: white bond
0.93
Paper: yellow
0.72
Paper: tar
8-14m
0.92
Pipes: glazed
2-5.6m
0.83
Plaster
2-5.6m
.86-.90
Plaster: rough coat
0.91
Plasterboard: untreated
2-5.6m
0.90
Plastic: acrylic, clear
5m
0.94
Plastic: black
2-5.6m
0.95
Plastic: white
2-5.6m
0.84
Plastic paper: red
2-5.6m
0.94
Plastic paper: white
2-5.6m
0.84
Plexiglass: Perpex
2-5.6m
0.86
Plywood
2-5.6m
.83-.98
Plywood: commercial, smooth finish, dry
5m
0.82
Plywood: untreated
2-5.6m
0.83
Polyproplene
2-5.6m
0.97
Porcelain: glazed
8-14m
0.92
Quartz
8-14m
0.93
Redwood: wrought, untreated
2-5.6m
0.83
Redwood: unwrought, untreated
2-5.6m
0.84
Rendering: gray
2-5.6m
0.92
Rokide A
0.770
Rubber
8-14m
0.95
Rubber: stopper, black
5m
0.97
Sand
0.90
Shellac: black, dull
0.91
Shellac: black, shiny, on tin plate
0.82
Shingles: asphalt, sm, ceramic coated
Skin, human
0.98
Snow
8-14m
0.80
Soil: dry
0.92
Soil: frozen
6.5-20m
0.93
Soil: saturated with water
0.95
Styrofoam: insulation
5m
0.60
Tape: electrical, insulating, black
5m
0.97
Tape: masking
5m
0.92
Tile: floor, asbestos
5m
0.94
Tile: glazed
2-5.6m
0.94
Varnish: flat
2-5.6m
0.93
Wallpaper: slight pattern, light gray
2-5.6m
0.85
Wallpaper: slight pattern, red
2-5.6m
0.90
Water:
8-14m
0.98
Water: distilled
0.98
Water: ice, smooth
0.96
Water: frost crystals
0.98
Water: snow
0.85
Wood: oak, planed
0.90
Wood: paneling, light finish
0.87
Wood: planed
8-14m
0.85
Wood: spruce, polished, dray
5m
0.86


Measured Normal Emissivities

Material
Emissivity
Wavelength
Silver plated Cu bus bar.
0.30
3.4-5 mm
Stainless Steel
0.59
3.4-5 mm
Stainless Plate
0.34
3.4-5 mm
Stainless Steel Bolt – Shiny
0.32
3.4-5 mm
UHMW (green plastic)
0.87
3.4-5 mm
Plastic insulation on cables
0.95
3.4-5 mm
Black Iron Pipe
0.95
3.4-5 mm
Tarnished Mild Steel Plate
0.70
3.4-5 mm
Galvanized Pipe
0.46
3.4-5 mm
Spray Bar Flat Black Paint
0.92
3.4-5 mm
Shiny Copper
0.24
3.4-5 mm
Copper – oxidized, slightly dirty
0.50
3.4-5 mm
Copper - Xformer plate, slightly oxidized
0.22
3.4-5 mm
Copper – Xformer plate, failed, pitted from welder
0.32
3.4-5 mm
Copper – New shank
0.20
3.4-5 mm
Copper – Slightly oxidized patina
<0.1
3.4-5 mm
Cu – Heavily oxidized
0.64
3.4-5 mm
Heavily oxidized copper
0.69
3.4-5 mm
Wood – varnished
0.93
3.4-5 mm
White paint
0.77
3.4-5 mm
Al – Slightly oxidized, slightly greasy
0.37
3.4-5 mm
Al – splice
0.23
3.4-5 mm
Al – Weathered and pitted
0.58
3.4-5 mm
Fuse – Shiny end cap, new
0.25
3.4-5 mm
Fuse – Body, new, yellow
0.78
3.4-5 mm
Gypsum Wall Board
0.67
3.4-5 mm